How to Choose Your Political Science Research Paper Topic

How to Choose Your Political Science Research Paper TopicIf you are an avid political science student, you may be asking yourself 'what political science research paper topics will get me tenure'? As an aspiring political science professor, I have been writing a lot of these types of papers. Each year, it seems like there is a new and varied political science research paper topic that makes its way into the classroom. This can be an overwhelming challenge for students and an exciting opportunity for the professor as well.In terms of political science, there are many sub-disciplines to choose from. The most popular topic is obviously economics, but some other popular sub-disciplines include globalization, political party, electoral politics, and international political economy. All of these sub-disciplines have very good research paper topics. How do you pick one? Well, ask yourself this:Where do I find good political science research paper topics? It's not always as easy as you think . Here are some places to look.Here are a few recommendations for political science research paper topics: Establishing the Status of the Democrat in the United States Political Science Research Paper Topics, by Dr. Michael Mulgrew, in American Political Science Review (APSR) is a must read. In the conclusion, he says 'Did the Democratic Party succeed in its mission to increase economic opportunity for all Americans? If not, why did it fail?'Popular political science research paper topics might include: The Impact of Immigration on American Politics: Testing of an Empirical Immigrant Liberalization Hypothesis, by John J. Siegfried and Donald Boudreaux. The authors investigate immigration as it affects the American voting public and the political process. After reviewing their findings, they conclude that 'A liberalization of the immigrant quotas increases the chances of a liberalizing vote with respect to immigration and that increased party polarization over immigration policy does not correlate with an increase in party disagreement about the liberalization effect.' Their study is titled 'The Effect of Immigration on Parties: Evidence from the 2020 Congressional Elections.'In Foreign Policy Research Journal (FPJ), the authors are Toby Hudson and Daniel A. Pipes. They examine how war has impacted the United States' foreign policy and evaluate its effectiveness. They also discuss how the US government has used its influence in the Middle East to ensure that Iran does not develop nuclear weapons. They conclude that they 'demonstrate that US interventions in Iraq and Afghanistan have had a substantial and continuing impact on US perceptions of international order and threaten to undermine the legitimacy of the US in the eyes of its own citizens.'Another great place to look for political science research paper topics is the American Political Science Review (APSR). Since the first edition of APSR was published in 1948, they have published well over 800 issues.I w ould like to reiterate that each political science research paper topic should be different for each individual political science professor. Each political science professor has their own personal interests and personal opinions. Some political science professors may be best suited for a certain topic, while others may find another political science research paper topic absolutely perfect for them.

Radiologic Technology - Legal Essay Topics

Radiologic Technology - Legal Essay TopicsIf you want to know more about writing an essay that will help your company get a new radiologic technologist, you should read on. As you are reading this, there is a great opportunity to obtain employment. You might even be considering enrolling in a program to further your education.As mentioned earlier, the application of radiologic technology and its application in legal services are a major component of the industry. There are other law enforcement-related careers, and for these individuals there are other legal essay topics that are very helpful. By knowing what to look for, you will find out that there are many legal essay topics you can utilize to impress a potential employer.This is because the legal essays tend to highlight more about what kind of person you are. Even though it may be difficult to be too specific in the essay you write, there are some general things that should be included in your essay.Perhaps the most important of these is a unique skill or ability that you possess. This skill can show a company that you are enthusiastic about what you do. Other than this, you also need to explain why you are qualified to receive this job.This is important so that employers will see that you have a strong understanding of radiologic technology. From your resume and employment history, they will be able to see what kind of person you are and determine if you are qualified for the job.The next thing that you need to be aware of is that if you are not knowledgeable on some legal essay topics, there is no way that you will be able to successfully pass any exams that may be necessary for employment. There are certain questions you will need to know and not only may you find these exam questions confusing, but also hard to answer. These exam questions are normally the ones that the employer will be looking at when he or she makes their final decision.Although many candidates pass the initial exams to get a job, th ere are still a lot of people who do not finish their coursework. Many of these people continue their education and get a full college degree after receiving their job offer. This is because they will feel more secure in themselves as they have completed the training required for their positions.

Scarlet Letter Scaffold Scenes Essay - 655 Words

In Nathaniel Hawthorneamp;#8217;s, The Scarlet Letter, the author uses three scaffold scenes to mark the development of Hester Prynne. The image of Hester atop the scaffolding is a metaphor for her forced solitude; for her banishment from society; and for the futility of her punishment. In the first scene, Hawthorne uses the scaffold to explain how Hester can not believe that the amp;#8220;A; and the baby are real. In the second scaffold scene, Hawthorne tries to convey to the reader that Hester has fully repented for her sin, however this is not true. In the final scaffold scene, Hester does not yet fully repent for her sin because her love for Dimmesdale is still strong. Through Hester, Hawthorne is trying to communicate to the†¦show more content†¦Here the scaffold represents her unwillingness to accept her sin. In the second scaffold scene, it seems as if Hester has changed from sinner into a citizen who now has a job in society, and that she no longer yearns for Dimmesdale and Dimmesdale no longer covets her. However, this is not true. Hawthorne writes, amp;#8220;The moment that he did so, there came what seemed a tumultuous rush of new life, other life than his own, pouring like a torrent into his heart, and hurrying through all his veinsamp;#8230;The three formed an electric chain.; (page 105) The reader learns from this quote that Dimmesdale and Hester still have a great love for each other. It is also from this quote that the amp;#8220;A; on Hester has not worked as well as it was intended. Hester still has a great love for the man with whom she had an affair and this may never change. Furthermore, her banishment has given her time to focus on her love for Dimmesdale. Here the scaffold represents Hesteramp;#8217;s unwillingness to not love Dimmesdale. In the third scaffold scene, the Hester remains unchanged. She still has her love for Dimmesdale. amp;#8220;Shall we not meet again?amp;#8230; Shall we not spend our immortal life together? Surely, surely we have ransomed one another, with all this woe! Thou lookest far into eternity, with those bright dying eyes!;Show MoreRelated The Signigicance of the Scaffold Scenes in the Scarlet Letter957 Words   |  4 PagesThe Signigicance of the Scaffold Scenes in the Scarlet Letter The three scaffold scenes bring great significance to the plot of the Scarlet Letter. The novel is based on repenting the sins of adultery. The scaffold represents a place of shame and pity but also of final triumphs. Each scene illustrates the importance of the scaffold behind them with many potent similarities and differences. In the first scaffold scene Hester Prynne is depicted standing alone while clutching her baby. She hasRead MoreScaffold Scenes In The Scarlet Letter Essay892 Words   |  4 Pagesyour life. In Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, the author uses three scaffold scenes to represent the change in Hester Prynne. The image of Hester atop the scaffolding is a metaphor for her banishment from society, and for the pointlessness of her punishment. The three scaffold scenes have a numerous amount of similarities, but they also have quite a few differences. In the first scaffold scene, Hester Prynne and her child Pearl stand on the scaffold. Hester has just been released from prisonRead More The Scaffold Scenes in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter892 Words   |  4 PagesThe Scaffold Scenes in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter In Nathaniel Hawthorne?s The Scarlet Letter, the Puritans constantly look down upon sinners like Hester Prynne, both literally and symbolically. The use of the three scaffold scenes throughout the course of the novel proved to be an effective method in proving this theory and showing how Puritan society differs from that of today?s. In the first scaffold scene, Hester is being led from the prison where she has spent the lastRead MoreThe Scaffold Scenes in Nathaniel Hawthrone ´s The Scarlet Letter791 Words   |  3 Pages Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter is known as a psychological novel regarding humanity, sin, guilt, and a fair amount of other ambiguous concepts. One of those is the significance of the three scaffold scenes throughout the work. The scaffold scenes signify religious and moral ideas, such as sinfulness, the spiritual figures the characters each portray, and the character development achieved by public and private absolution. The first scaffold scene begins the novel. In chapters two throughRead More The Scaffold of Sin in The Scarlet Letter Essay1144 Words   |  5 PagesThe Scaffold of Sin in The Scarlet Letter   Ã‚  Ã‚   This scaffold constituted a portion of a penal machine . . . . The very ideal of ignominy was embodied and made manifest in this contrivance of wood and iron (Hawthorne 62-63). A scaffolds effect on the novel can be seen through an examination of the first, second, and third scaffold scenes.   These sections mark the beginning, middle, and end of the novel. The novel The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is constructedRead MoreIn Nathaniel HawthorneS The Scarlet Letter, There Are948 Words   |  4 Pagess The Scarlet Letter, there are many important scenes. But there are five scenes that stood out and pushed the plot forward. This includes Hester walking out of the prison, Chillingworth finds out about Dimmesdale’s scarlet letter, and Dimmesdale stands on the scaffold with Hester and Pearl. The final two being Hester meeting Dimmesdale in the forest and the Dimmesdale confessing his sin. These scenes are the key points in his novel. The first major scene in Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter is theRead MoreScarlet Letter Analysic- Form, Plot, Tone, Essay607 Words   |  3 PagesScarlet Letter Analysis Form, Structure and Plot: The structure that Hawthorne puts the Scarlet Letter is very tight, and is in essentially three parts, each revolving around the scaffold. The first scaffold scene, Hester confesses her sin of adultery to the crowd in the light of day. The second scaffold scene takes place in the middle of the book at night; it is the climax of the plot. Dimmesdale climbs onto the scaffold, and asks for Hester and Pearl to join him. This is not a confession, as thereRead MoreScaffold Of Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1066 Words   |  5 Pages2015 Scaffold s Role in Scarlet Letter The scaffold, in Puritan times, was where criminals were shamed, ridiculed, and executed by the community. When they were released from jail, the first place that they went was to the scaffold, to be shown to the community. In The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, the scaffold was not only a place of shame, but it was where character s social status rose and fell throughout the book. Hester Prynne s world came crashing down atop the scaffold. AfterRead MoreJordan Berger. Mrs. Voshell. Honors English 10. 6 January1034 Words   |  5 PagesJordan Berger Mrs. Voshell Honors English 10 6 January 2017 Five Scenes of The Scarlet Letter The five most important scenes of The Scarlet Letter were first, Hester holding baby Pearl being shamed on the scaffold right in the beginning. Second, when Chillingworth found out that Dimmesdale was the man who committed adultery with Hester. Third, when Hester and Dimmesdale were in the forest talking about fleeing and living with only each other and Pearl. Fourth, in which Dimmesdale finally revealsRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1536 Words   |  7 Pagesthis sin from his own perspective of the topic, Hawthorne did this within a writing of his. The Scarlet Letter was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850. The Scarlet Letter is about the life of Hester Prynne and the other characters after she played a part in committing the sin of Adultery. Hester partakes in moral trials throughout the novel too, some even concerning her daughter Pearl. The Scarlet Letter reflects on the toll that secrets can play of a person, through Dimmesdale and the effects of

Guidance essay free essay sample

Guidance is the process of helping individuals discover and develop their educational, vocational, and psychological potentialities and thereby to achieve an optimal level of personal happiness and social usefulness, Gladding (2000). The concept of Counselling is essentially democratic in that the assumptions underlying its theory and practice are, first, that each individual has the right to shape his own destiny and, and second, that the relatively mature and experienced members of the community are responsible for ensuring that each person’s choice shall serve both his own interests and those of society. Guidance and counselling is an integral part of each school’s total educational program. It is a comprehensive program that includes sequential activities in Primary and Secondary schools through organized and implemented by certified, professional school counsellors with the active involvement and support of parents, students, teachers, and administrators. The program is design to address the needs of all students by helping them achieve success in school. Professional school counsellors assist students by removing barriers to learning and by helping students acquire competencies in career planning and exploration, knowledge of self and others, and educational and vocational development. The guidance counsellor has many functions and roles to play. Hence, as the roles and functions of counsellors are highlighted, it is hoped that insight will be gained on these essential roles and functions. The counsellor’s roles and functions include: Counsellor, Consultant, Coordinator, Agent for Orientation, Agent of Assessment, Agent of Prevention and Manager. The Counsellor should be available to students for individual and group counselling and any other type of assistance necessary. Although one- to-one counselling may take correspondingly less of the counsellor’s time than counselling at other levels, the guidance counsellor should be available to meet individually or in groups with children referred by teachers or parents or identified by the counsellor or other helping professionals in need of counselling. Also, guidance counsellors in primary or high schools can anticipate that individual students will come to the counselling offices for assistance, advice, or support. Such current social issues as substance abuse, child abuse are frequent basis for counselling. The definition and importance of individual and group counselling will be further examined. Individual Counselling: Working face to face with an individual is one of the most common functions carried out by counsellors in schools. This focuses on a student’s growth and adjustment and problem-solving and decision making needs. It is client centred and demands confidentiality. This process is based on a relationship between the guidance counsellor and the client. The relationship continues depending on the progress of the counselling process. In short, individual counselling should seek to clarify issues, explore and plan options for resolution, implement strategies and evaluate success. Group Counselling and Guidance: A group is two or more people who have common goals, a communication system or network, rules regarding behaviour of its members, and some type of leadership system in place (Serbalus Brown 2001). The counsellor’s function is to provide organize and plan assistance to individuals for a variety of needs. In schools, students with similar needs are placed in groups for occupational information and experiences that promote their career or educational understanding, personal and social growth, and adjustment. Group guidance activities for high schools usually centre on careers day or orientation day activities. Primary schools focus social and academic development. This type of grouping usually serves a guidance as well as administrative function. Consultation: Gladding defines consultation as â€Å"a process between two professional persons, the consultant, who is a specialist, and the consultee, who invokes the consultant’s help in regard to current work problems†. As a consultant, the guidance counsellor may confer directly with teachers, parents, administrators, and other helping professionals to help an identified third party, such as a student, in the school setting. In this role, the guidance counsellor helps others to assist the student- client in dealing more effectively with developmental or adjustment needs. The Guidance Counsellors consult with: †¢Teachers where they collect, organize, synthesize data on individual students; interpreting such to identify, individual differences and share this with teachers to enhance learning situation. †¢ School administrators to gather data descriptive of the characteristics of the student population and their needs, providing, useful information for educational planning (curriculum) and management; for improvement of the schools psychological climate; for boosting of staff morale Example: planning of stress management workshops. †¢ parents where they assist in coping with/modifying student behaviours, improving interpersonal relationship skills, and adjusting attitudes, may consult in regard to children’s academic planning, progress or problems. The counsellor’s roles and functions also involve that of being a Coordinator. In that, the counsellor is responsible for the coordination of the various guidance activities in the school. For example: career development activities, motivational talks, welfare assistance initiatives and also including the contributions of social workers or other professionals, intra- school and inter- agency referrals. Coordinating these with ongoing classroom and school activities is also desirable. The guidance counsellor also conducts or participates in activities which contribute to the effective operation of the school. In this regard the guidance counsellor acts as an advocate for all students. The guidance counsellor assists school staff in the placement of students with special needs in appropriate programmes. Also, the guidance counsellor participates with the administration and faculty as team members in the implementation of the testing programs. Agent for Orientation- As a human development facilitator, the school counsellor recognizes the importance goals and environment of the child’s orientation to the goals and environment of a new school environment. In this regard, he/she may plan group activities and consult with teachers to help children learn and practice the relationship skills necessary in the school setting. Agent of Assessment- The counsellor can anticipate being called on to interpret and often gather both test and non- test data. The counsellor will also fall the task of putting these data into focus not only to see but to be able to interpret the child as a total being. Beyond the traditional data used for student understanding, the counsellor should also understand the impact of culture, the sociology of the school, and other environmental influences on student behaviour. The assessment service is designed to collect, analyze, and use a variety of objective and subjective personal, psychological, and social data about each pupil. Its purpose is to help the individual to better understand herself. Conferences with pupils and parents, standardized test scores, academic records, anecdotal records, personal data forms, case studies, and portfolios are included. The school counsellor interprets this information to pupils, parents, teachers, administrators, and other professionals. Students with special needs and abilities are thus identified. Agent of Prevention- In the schools, there are early warning signs of future problems for young children. These include: learning difficulties, general moodiness (unhappiness, depression) and acting- out behaviours (fights, quarrels, disruptions, restlessness, impulsiveness, and obstinacy. There is an accumulation of evidence to demonstrate that children who cannot adjust during their early school years are at high risk for a variety of later problems. School counsellors (especially those at the basic and primary levels) are expected to develop programmes that seek to anticipate, intervene in, and prevent further development of these issues. The school counsellor also plays the role of a Manager. In that, the counsellor creates and utilizes resources; completing administrative duties, planning and implementing the school’s guidance programme. School counsellors are key members of guidance and student services teams. Within the context of a collaborative, interdisciplinary team approach, school counsellors play a leadership role in the development and implementation of a comprehensive guidance and counselling program. Their roles and functions are extremely important and cannot be overemphasized. TITLE PAGE Write an essay on the roles and functions of the Guidance Counsellor. Bibliography Gibson, Robert L. Mitchell M.H(1999) Introduction to Counselling and Guidance. 5th Ed. Samuel T. Gladding Counselling A Comprehensive Profession Fifth Edition http://www.brandonsd.mb.ca/oxford/lamont/role_of_counsellor.htm http://www.unilorin.edu.ng/publications/idowuade/Prof.%20Idowu%20IJE%201989.p df http://blogtext.org/CABAnata/topic/4610.html http://www.edb.gov.hk/index.aspx?nodeID=1984langno=1

Renaissance Music Verses Medieval free essay sample

The music of the Renaissance and Medieval periods was shaped by its culture in the way that the music expresses what is going on around them. For example in the medieval period people lives were shaped around the church and therefore their music was also. You have the Gregorian chant, which was named after the Pope St. Gregory the Great and then you have all of the songs, which follow the order of mass. You also have the Christmas carol There is no Rose Today that came out of this era also. The Renaissance period was a time of enlightenment and with that came the invention of the printing press and that helped print the music faster and get it to another part of Europe faster. At this time composers actually found work outside of the church and were able to expand on the type of music they composed. The music that we have today is shaped by the culture that we live in because most of the composers today write about their own lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Renaissance Music Verses Medieval or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Take Rap music most of the rappers are writing song about how they didn’t have anything as children and as teenager so they had to rob and steel to make a living. They also write about sex and drugs and how it makes them feel. The young people who listen and watch these music videos look at all the money they have and the lives that they lead and they try to go out and do the same so they can have that life also. I think that it certainly does play a role in shaping our culture and society because it is not only something for us to listen to but it helps us with many human emotions. It also helps us understand not only our culture but others as well especially in the time that we live in today. When you go out to dance clubs now and days you don’t only hear music from this culture but others. It’s opened our eyes and shown us that different isn’t necessarily bad. We also have a lot of mixed families and people who are not only of one make ground but many. This has helped us take different cultures music and integrate it to come up with something different in music. Like the music of today the music of the troubaclors was shaped by the times that they lived in and the culture and society. They wrote music to please the people to whom they were performing for. They also traveled like musician today to different parts of the country to perform their music. They were like the pop stars of the medieval period. Their music was like pop music today the music was up beat and made people want to dance.

Healthcare at a Crossroads Essays

Healthcare at a Crossroads Essays Healthcare at a Crossroads Paper Healthcare at a Crossroads Paper As a non-profit organization, JCAHO or known as the Join Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals, its main responsibility is to ensure that the medical facilities from the physical building of hospitals to the physicians themselves. JCAHO is defined as â€Å"the prime accrediting body for health care institutions that are Medicare and Medicaid funded† (Zerwekh and Claborn, 2006). Its reputation as an organization reached the status which requires almost all hospitals to be accredited by JCAHO to be able to operate continuously. It is being considered as the main source of establishing the standards of American healthcare as well as in other parts of the world. JCAHO is an institution where the healthcare is being defined according to its criteria and accreditation. With the growing issue on implementing reforms on American healthcare, JCAHO consistently resreach ways in addressing the issues surrounding health care. Such issue involves the establishment of a data collecting system before any reforms can be made on U.S. Health care. JCAHO stressed that this is necessary because when there is an established system or strategy on data gathering, the areas of improvements will be easily determined. The report on the Development a National Performance Measurement Data Strategy states that there should be an existing body or department to measure the performance level of medical facilities to develop a higher quality and accessible American health care. A framework should be built to be able to have systematic and clear process of what and how data should be gathered. Subsequently when theres an established framework already, JCAHO proposes to build a data highway so that all information are filtered and theres only one organized database where electronic records will retrieved for convenience and protecting the privacy of the patient. The JCAHO pertains to the establishment of   â€Å"the ability to share and merge data that has become crucial to developing consistent and true assessments of care† (Reuters, 2008). The proposal of a national measurement data strategy made by JCAHO can be a huge step forward in finally making reforms in the American health care. A systematized data gathering is important to be able to know who are not receving health care, how many percentage of the American citizens does not have access to insurance, and other essential statistics that will help shape specific reforms in addressing the issue of healtcare. JCAHO enumerated some aspects in which data gathering will be extremely helpful. First is measuring the performance level of physicians through a separate infrastructure called the Physician Quality Reporting Initiative (PQRI). Another aspect of gathering data is supervised by the Society for Thoracic Surgeons which keeps disease-specifice records and this fall under the category of healthcare practices and procedures (The Joint Commission, 2008, p. 18). Then data gathering for patients, more specifically, the establishment of inpatient census which determines the â€Å"number of patient present in the healthcare facility at a particular point in time† (Horton, 2007, p. 32). Those are just three examples of varying fields of data gathering that should be maintained and done to monitor the over-all condition of American healthcare. There are so many aspects from the number of hospitals to the detail of drug prescriptions that needs to be organized through a data gathering system. The challenge lies in merging all of these small branches of data gathered in healthcare to be able to have the ideal organized and unified medical record applicable for the whole America. Another challenge is to put up the categories of the fields, more of like sub-departments under a single infrastructure which will serve as the data highway for propagating the gathered information. Unitd States is one most powerful country, populous and diverse in demographics and even before experts could establish the categories under healthcare, the citizens of America should be   carefully determined since healthcare is solely for the welfare of the populace. There are so many proposals made to be able to push for healthcare reform such as what JCAHO did. However, it seems like the issue of healthcare remains to be a confusion and vague concept within the majority of the American people. What JCAHO prepared is a detailed and perhaps a feasible step to move forward to the healthcare reform. The innovation of America to solve this is not to be underestimated maybe what is lacking here is a strong political will. References Claborn, J.C. and Zerwekh, J.G. (2006). Nursing Today. USA: Elsevier Health Sciences. Horton, L.A. (2007). Calculating and Reporting Healthcare Statistics. USA: American Health Information Management Association. Powers, K. (2008, March 6). The Joint Commission Urges Development of a National Performance Measurement Data Strategy. Reuters. Retrieved April 8, 2009, from reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS176321+06-Mar-2008+PRN20080306

19th Century American Imperialism & 20th Century War Essay Example for Free (#20)

19th Century American Imperialism & 20th Century War Essay Imperialism (36) , American imperialism (8) company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints ? Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan couldn’t have said it any better, â€Å"No nation had ever become great without control of foreign markets and access to the natural resources of foreign countries† (Kinzer 33). Throughout the years, America has had an astonishing obsession with the idea of global imperialism. One can’t help but ask the following question: what sparked this sudden obsession with global imperialism? Even though there are many different factors that helped spark this sudden movement, the biggest single factor was the industrialization of the world’s major industrialist societies, such as England, United States, Japan, and Germany. The sudden explosion of industrialization sparked a huge consumption of the earth’s natural resources, and initiated the need for expansion. Throughout the late 19th century up until today, America has approached global imperialism in a number of different ways. Methods such as deception, intimidation, fear, and violence have all been used throughout the American conquest in order to expand this imperialistic society. America had to start expanding and had to take over weaker countries. Americans had to look to faraway countries, weak countries, countries that had large markets and rich resources but had not yet fallen under the sway of any great power† (Kinzer 34). This paper will primarily focus on the reasoning provided by Kinzer’s book Overthrow. America has become the imperialistic society it is today because of the rapid 19th century industrialization and the constant American hunger for natural resources, territory, and global domination. â€Å"Whether they will or no, Americans must now begin to look outward. The growing production of the country demands it† (Kinzer 33). During the late 19th century, America enjoyed a successful conquest of Hawaii, Cuba, Philippines, and Nicaragua. Hawaii, which has always embraced a history of tradition and culture, was faced with the issue of modernization. Throughout the years, Hawaii had slowly started to fall under white control. Hawaii has always been a huge producer of sugar, with one problem. The major market for sugar was in the United States, but the Hawaiians could not export as much as they would like because of the high tariffs imposed on imported sugar in the States. When the reciprocity treaty as signed in the summer of 1876, Americans started installing military and commercial bases in Hawaii. The renewed treaty however was what really displayed that Hawaii was falling under white influence. The renewed treaty gave United States control of Pearl Harbor, an extremely fine natural port. On January 14th 1893, Queen Liliuokalani made a disturbing announcement to her cabinet. She proclaimed a new constitution which stated only Hawaiian citizens had the right to vote. This meant that the Hawaiian population of Americans would no longer be able to vote. This move gave Lorrin Thurston and John Colburn the reason they needed to initiate the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy, which would mark America’s first overthrow of a foreign government. The alarmed Thurston quickly wrote a letter to John L. Stevens, requesting military assistance for the overthrow of the queen’s regime. Soon after, on July 4th 1894, the Republic of Hawaii was proclaimed. During the Spanish colonization of Cuba in 1897, William McKinley was sworn in as president of the United States. McKinley did not like the idea of the Spanish in Cuba. However when talking about McKinley, Kinzer states â€Å"William McKinley believed that a self-governed Cuba would pose an extreme threat to the United States, for they might not do Washington’s bidding† (Kinzer 35). After all, the revolutionary leaders in Cuba were already talking about the social reforms and land redistribution they wanted to initiate. This greatly alarmed many American businessmen, for over $50 million was invested primarily in Cuba’s agriculture. McKinley had finally had enough and had decided it was time to use military force to end the Spanish regime in Cuba. On April 25th 1898, the Spanish-American War had officially begun. After the Spanish surrender, America started to kill Cuba’s dream of independence. In the 1898 Treaty of Paris, Spain gave up all rights to Cuba, surrendered Puerto Rico and Guam, and sold Philippines for $20 million to the United States. The Platt Amendment gave the US some economic and military control of Cuba. McKinley initially only wanted to build a naval base at Manila, Philippines. Later however, he decided he would embark on a journey of Christianizing the country. This was unnecessary however, for most Filipinos were already Catholic. On June 2nd 1899, the official Philippine-American War started. The United States would win the war, and dissolute the First Philippine Republic. At this point, the United States had obtained, by force, full sovereignty over the Philippines. With Cuba, Hawaii, Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico under its belt, America now had access to a wide array of natural resources and an assortment of markets. However, the conquest would not end there. In order for one to understand the takeover of Nicaragua, one must understand Central America in the late 19th century. The late 19th century proved to be a strong idealistic era for Central America. Ideas of both social and political reforms were sweeping many Central nations, ideas inspired by European philosophers. These ideas were absolutely despised by the American government, for these ideas called for change. These ideas were admired by Central Americans because they all desired change. Jose Santos Zelaya became president of Nicaragua in 1893. He adopted many revolutionary changes, such as importing the automobile and legalizing civil marriage. He also had a very strong emphasis on building and expanding the country’s infrastructure. At first Zelaya and America were on good terms, for there have been talks of building a canal through Nicaragua. Later however, Panama was chosen as the building site, temporarily ending American interest in Nicaragua. As historian John Ellis wrote â€Å"To the State Department, Nicaragua was no longer a country that needed to be coddled or cared for in preparation for future usefulness, rather, it was not a country that needed to be watched carefully and kept in line† (Kinzer 60). A very strong nationalist, Zelaya was giving some of the American business based in his country trouble, which didn’t appeal to the United States secretary of state Philander Knox. What angered Knox even more was that Zelaya went to European banks to borrow money for his railroad project, not American banks. This showed the Taft administration that Nicaragua was trying not to depend on the States as much as they used to, which of course cause congressional panic. After much trouble from Knox, Zelaya finally resigned in 1909. After the brief command of Jose Madriz, Juan Jose Estrada took over the country, and the new conservative government was much admired and supported by the United States. Estrada’s coming to power marks the conquest of Nicaragua, because of America’s strong influence on Estrada’s regime. As demonstrated, the United States has always obtained a hostile approach regarding takeovers and conquest. The first overthrow took place in Hawaii where the queen was relieved of her position. Cuba was later obtained from Spain with the help of brute force and intimidation. Philippines and Puerto Rico were also obtained in the same fashion. Nicaragua’s government fell victim to an American sponsored coup, and their government was taken over by the Americans. It seems like there has always been a recurring pattern throughout American history. If you try to stand up to the US government, you will go down. If you operate your country in a way that doesn’t appeal to the US government, you’re going down. If you just happen to be doing good for your country, there’s still a good chance you’re still going down. America has always been that big bully that beats on the little kids at school, because they are just too weak to defend themselves. America throughout the 19th century was a product of a heavily industrialized society, a society that must rely on domination of other markets and other countries’ resources in order to keep expanding and thriving. 19th Century American Imperialism & 20th Century War. (2017, Mar 13).